Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo:

I-Duct tape iwuhlobo lweteyipu enamathelayo ephezulu enamandla amakhasi aqinile, amandla aqinile, ukumelana namafutha, ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Isicelo :

Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvalwa kwebhokisi, ukuthunga ukhaphethi, ukubopha umsebenzi osindayo nokunye.Okwamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu emotweni, ku-chassis kanye nekhabhinethi.

I-Duck tape, ebizwa nangokuthi i-duck tape, iyitheyiphu ezwela ukucindezela kwendwangu- noma i-scrim-backed, evame ukumbozwa nge-polyethylene.Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ezisebenzisa izisekelo ezihlukene nezinamatheli, futhi igama elithi 'i-tape tape' livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamatheyipu endwangu ahlukene anezinjongo ezihlukene.I-Duct tape ivame ukudideka ne-gaffer tape (eklanyelwe ukuthi ingabonisi futhi isuswe ngokuhlanzekile, ngokungafani ne-duct tape).Okunye okuhlukile kuyiteyiphu ye-foil engashisi ukushisa (hhayi indwangu) ewusizo ekuvaleni ukushisisa namapayipi okupholisa, akhiqizwa ngenxa yokuthi itheyiphu yamapayipi evamile ayisebenzi ngokushesha uma isetshenziswa emathanjeni okufudumeza.I-Duct tape ngokuvamile i-silvery grey, kodwa futhi iyatholakala ngeminye imibala kanye nemiklamo ephrintiwe.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iRevolite (ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye kaJohnson & Johnson) yakha itheyipu yokunamathisela eyenziwe ngengcina esekelwe enjoloba esetshenziswa esekelweni lendwangu yedada eliqinile.Le teyiphu yayimelana namanzi futhi yayisetshenziswa njengeteyiphu yokuvala kwezinye izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ngaleso sikhathi.

"Itheyiphu yedada" iqoshwe kusichazamazwi se-Oxford English Dictionary njengoba ibisetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1899;"i-duct tape" (echazwa ngokuthi "mhlawumbe ukuguqulwa kwetheyiphu yedada") kusukela ngo-1965.

Umlando

Impahla yokuqala ebizwa ngokuthi "i-duck tape" kwakuyizicucu ezinde zendwangu yedada kakotini esetshenziswa ukwenza izicathulo ziqine, zokuhlobisa ezingutsheni, nokusonga izintambo zensimbi noma izikhondakta zikagesi ukuze zivikeleke ekugqwaleni noma ekuguge.Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1902, izintambo zensimbi ezisekela iBhuloho laseManhattan zaqale zambozwa ngowoyela welineni zase zigoqwa ngetheyiphu yedada ngaphambi kokuba zibekwe endaweni yazo.Ngawo-1910s, amabhuzu athile nezicathulo zazisebenzisa indwangu yedada likaseyili phezulu noma insole, futhi itheyiphu yedada ngezinye izikhathi yayithungelwa ukuze iqiniswe.Ngo-1936, i-US-based Insulated Power Cables Engineers Association yacacisa ukugoqwa kwetheyiphu yedada njengenye yezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziswa ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi ezifakwe enjoloba.Ngo-1942, isitolo somnyango ka-Gimbel sanikeza izimpumputhe ze-venetian ezazihlanganiswa nemicu eqondile ye-tape yedada.Konke lokhu kusetshenziswa okungenhla kwakungokwekotoni ongenalutho noma itheyiphu yelineni efika ngaphandle kongqimba lwengcina esetshenzisiwe.

Amateyipu okunamathisela ezinhlobo ezehlukene ayesetshenziswa ngeminyaka yawo-1910, okuhlanganisa imiqulu yetheyiphu yendwangu enenamathela ohlangothini olulodwa.Itheyiphu yokunamathisela emhlophe eyenziwe ngendwangu efakwe enjoloba kanye ne-zinc oxide yayisetshenziswa ezibhedlela ukuze kuboshwe amanxeba, kodwa amanye amateyipu anjenge-friction tape noma i-electrical tape angashintshwa esimweni esiphuthumayo.Ngo-1930, umagazini i-Popular Mechanics wachaza indlela yokwenza itheyiphu yokunamathisela ekhaya kusetshenziswa itheyiphu yendwangu engenalutho efakwe oketshezini olushisayo lwe-rosin nenjoloba ephuma kumashubhu angaphakathi.

Ngo-1923, u-Richard Gurley Drew esebenzela i-3M wasungula itheyiphu yokufihla ubuso, itheyiphu esephepheni ene-adhesive enamathela kancane.Ngo-1925 lokhu kwaba i-Scotch brand masking tape.Ngo-1930, u-Drew wenza i-tape esobala esekelwe ku-cellophane, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Scotch Tape.Le tape yayisetshenziswa kakhulu kusukela nge-Great Depression ukulungisa izinto zasendlini.Umbhali uScott Berkun ubhale ukuthi i-duct tape "ngokungangabazeki" iwukuguqulwa kwale mpumelelo yangaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-3M.Kodwa-ke, akukho okusungulwe ngu-Drew kwakusekelwe ku-tape yendwangu.

Umqondo walokho okwaba yi-tape tape wavela kuVesta Stoudt, isisebenzi sefekthri ye-ordnance futhi unina wamatilosi amabili e-Navy, owayekhathazekile ngokuthi izinkinga zezimpawu zamabhokisi ezinhlamvu zizodla amasosha isikhathi esiyigugu empini.Wabhalela uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt ngo-1943 ngombono wokuvala amabhokisi ngetheyiphu yendwangu, ayeyihlole efekthri yakhe.Incwadi yadluliselwa ku-War Production Board, eyafaka uJohnson & Johnson emsebenzini.Uphiko lweRevolite lukaJohnson & Johnson lwalwenze amateyipu okunamathisela ezokwelapha ngendwangu yedada kusukela ngo-1927 futhi ithimba eliholwa uJohnny Denoye kaJohnny Denoye kanye noJohnson & Johnson's Bill Gross bathuthukise itheyiphu yokunamathisela entsha, eklanyelwe ukuklebhulwa ngesandla, hhayi ukusikwa ngesikelo.

Umkhiqizo wabo omusha ongashiwongo wenziwe ngedada likakotini elincanyana elihuqwe nge-polyethylene engangeni manzi (ipulasitiki) enongqimba lwe-adhesive empunga esekelwe kunjoloba (ebhalwe ngokuthi "Polycoat") eboshwe ohlangothini olulodwa.Kwakulula ukufaka nokususa, futhi ngokushesha kwashintshwa ukuze kulungiswe imishini yezempi ngokushesha, kuhlanganise nezimoto nezikhali.Le tape, enombala we-army-standard matte olive drab, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu amasosha.Ngemva kwempi, umkhiqizo we-tape wedada wathengiswa ezitolo ze-hardware ukuze kulungiswe ikhaya.I-Melvin A. Anderson Company yaseCleveland, e-Ohio, yathola amalungelo ekhasethi ngo-1950. Yayivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni ukusonga imigudu yomoya.Ukulandela lolu hlelo lokusebenza, igama elithi "i-tape tape" laqala ukusetshenziswa ngeminyaka yawo-1950s, kanye nemikhiqizo yamateyipu eyayinombala osiliva ompunga njengothayela.Kwakhiwe amateyipu akhethekile amelana nokushisa nokubanda ukuze afudumale kanye namapayipi afaka umoya opholile.Ngo-1960 inkampani yase-St. Louis, e-Missouri, i-HVAC, i-Albert Arno, Inc., yabhala igama elithi "Ductape" ngeteyipu "emelana nelangabi", ekwazi ukubamba ndawonye ku-350.-400°F (177-204°C).

Ngo-1971, u-Jack Kahl wathenga ifemu yakwa-Anderson wayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi i-Manco.] Ngo-1975, u-Kahl waqamba kabusha itheyiphu ye-duct eyenziwe yinkampani yakhe.Ngenxa yokuthi igama elijwayelekile elalisetshenziswa ngaphambilini elithi "i-duck tape" lalingasasebenzi, [ukuqinisekisa okuhlulekile] ukwazile ukudayisela igama elithi "Duck Tape" futhi amaketha umkhiqizo wakhe uphelele ngelogo yedada lopopayi ophuzi.UManco ukhethe igama elithi "Idada" njengokuthi "umdlalo eqinisweni lokuthi abantu bavame ukubiza itheyipu yokudonsa 'njengetheyiphu yedada'", futhi njengomehluko wokumaketha ukuze ahluke kwabanye abathengisi be-duct tape.Ngo-1979, uhlelo lokumaketha lwe-Duck Tape lwalubandakanya ukuthumela amakhadi emikhonzo enophawu lwedada, izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, kubaphathi bezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha abangu-32,000.Le nqwaba yokuxhumana ehlanganiswe nokupakishwa okumibalabala, okulula kwasiza i-Duck Tape ukuba idume.Kusukela kusizinda samakhasimende esicishe sibe nguziro i-Manco yagcina ilawule u-40% wemakethe ye-duct tape e-US.] Etholwe ngu-Henkel ngo-1998, ngo-2009, i-Duck Tape yadayiselwa i-Shurtape Technologies, ephethwe umndeni wakwa-Shuford waseNyakatho Carolina.Idada akulona kuphela uhlobo lwe-Shurtape lwe-duct tape;umnikelo wabo ophezulu ubizwa ngokuthi "i-T-Rex Tape."I-"Ultimate Duck", eyayihamba phambili ku-Henkel ezinhlobonhlobo zomugqa, isathengiswa e-United Kingdom.I-Ultimate Duck, i-T-Rex Tape, kanye ne-Gorilla Tape eqhudelanayo yonke ikhangisa "ubuchwepheshe bezendlalelo ezintathu".

Ngemva kokuhlomula nge-Scotch Tape ngeminyaka yawo-1930, i-3M yakhiqiza impahla yezempi phakathi ne-WWII, kwathi ngo-1946 yasungula itheyiphu yokuqala kagesi ye-vinyl.Ngo-1977, inkampani yayithengisa itheyiphu ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa yamapayipi okufudumeza.Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, ingxenye ye-3M tape yaba nenzuzo yonyaka yezigidi ezingu-300 zamaRandi, umholi wemboni yase-US.Ngo-2004, i-3M yasungula itheyiphu ye-duct esobala.

Ukukhiqiza

Itheyiphu yokudonsa yesimanje yenziwa nganoma iyiphi yezinhlobonhlobo zezindwangu ezilukiweyo ukunikeza amandla.Izintambo noma intambo yokugcwalisa yendwangu ingaba ukotini, i-polyester, inayiloni, i-rayon noma i-fiberglass.Indwangu iyi-gauze encane kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi "i-scrim" ekhonjiswe ekusekelweni kwe-low-density polyethylene (LDPE).Umbala we-LDPE unikezwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene;umbala ompunga ojwayelekile uvela ku-aluminium eyimpuphu exutshwe ku-LDPE.Kukhona ububanzi bamateyipu obubili obuvame ukukhiqizwa: 1.9 in (48 mm) no-2 in (51 mm).Okunye ububanzi kunikezwa.Amaroli amakhulu wezohwebo ethayiphu yamapayipi enziwa ngo-2005 e-Henkel, enobubanzi obungu-3.78 amayintshi (9.6 cm), ububanzi obuyi-intshi engama-intshi angu-64 (160 cm) futhi inesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-650 (290 kg).

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile

I-Duct tape ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezidinga itheyiphu eqinile, eguquguqukayo, futhi enamathela kakhulu.Ezinye zine-adhesive ehlala isikhathi eside futhi zimelana nesimo sezulu.

Inguqulo eyisipesheli, itheyiphu ye-gaffer, engashiyi insalela enamathelayo lapho isuswa, ikhethwa abagafa etiyetha, ezithombeni ezinyakazayo nezimboni zikamabonakude.

I-Duct tape, engathi "i-tape yomjaho", "i-race tape" noma "i-100 mile ngehora tape" isetshenziswe kwezemidlalo yezimoto iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ukulungisa i-fiberglass bodywork (phakathi kokunye ukusetshenziswa).I-tape ye-Racer iza ngemibala ehlukahlukene ukusiza ukuyifanisa nemibala kapende evamile.E-UK, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ithangi tape” ekusetshenzisweni kwemidlalo yezimoto.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ductwork

Umkhiqizo manje ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-duct tape akufanele udidaniswe namateyipu akhethekile aklanyelwe ukuvala amapayipi okufudumeza nokukhipha umoya (HVAC), nakuba lawa mateyipu angaphinde abizwe ngokuthi "ama-duct tapes."Ukuze kuhlinzekwe idatha yaselabhorethri mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izigxivizo namakhasethi ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi okungenzeka angaphumeleli, ucwaningo lwenziwa e-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division.Isiphetho sabo esikhulu sasiwukuthi umuntu akufanele asebenzise itheyiphu yokudonsa ukuze avale imigudu (babechaze itheyiphu yokudonsa njenganoma iyiphi itheyiphu esekwe ngendwangu ene-adhesive yerabha).Ukuhlola okwenziwe kukhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinselele kodwa ezingokoqobo, amateyipu amapayipi aba brittle futhi angase ehluleke ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi avuze noma awe ngokuphelele.

Itheyiphu yokudonsa evamile ayinazo izitifiketi zokuphepha ezifana ne-UL noma i-Proposition 65, okusho ukuthi itheyiphu ingasha ngamandla, ikhiphe intuthu enobuthi;kungase kubangele ukungenwa futhi kuthinte ubuthi;ingaba namandla angajwayelekile emishini;futhi ingcina yayo ingase ibe nesikhathi esiphansi sokuphila.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo emiseleni kwenqatshelwe yisifunda saseCalifornia kanye namakhodi wokwakha kwezinye izindawo eziningi.

Ukusetshenziswa emkhathini

Ngokukanjiniyela we-NASA uJerry Woodfill, umakadebona we-NASA oneminyaka engama-52, itheyiphu yokudonsa ibibekwe ebhodini kuyo yonke imishini kusukela ekuqaleni kohlelo lwe-Gemini.

Onjiniyela be-NASA nosomkhathi basebenzise i-duct tape ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo, okuhlanganisa nezimo eziphuthumayo.Okunye ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kwenzeka ngo-1970 ngenkathi u-Woodfill esebenza ku-Mission Control, lapho izihlungi zesikwele ze-carbon dioxide ezivela kumojula yomyalo we-Apollo 13 ehlulekile kwadingeka ukuba zilungiswe ukuze zilingane nezinto eziyindilinga kumodule yenyanga, eyayisetshenziswa njengesikebhe sokusindisa ukuphila ngemva kokuqhuma en. indlela eya enyangeni.Kusetshenziswe itheyiphu yokudonsa nezinye izinto ezisemkhunjini i-Apollo 13, abasebenzi baphansi bedlulisela imiyalelo kuthimba lendiza.Izihlikihli ze-CO2 zemojuli yenyanga ziqale ukusebenza futhi, zisindisa izimpilo zosomkhathi abathathu abasemkhunjini.

U-Ed Smylie, owaklama ukuguqulwa kwe-scrubber ngezinsuku ezimbili nje, wathi kamuva wayazi ukuthi inkinga yayixazululeka lapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i-duct tape yayisemkhathini: "Ngazizwa sengathi sikhululekile ekhaya," esho ngo-2005. Into eyodwa umfana waseNingizimu angasoze ayisho ukuthi, 'Angicabangi ukuthi iteyipu yokudonsa izoyilungisa.'

I-Duct tape, ebizwa ngokuthi "...i-American grey tape..." yasetshenziswa osomkhathi be-Apollo 17 enyangeni ukwenza ngcono ukulungiswa kwe-fender eyonakele ku-lunar rover, ukuvimbela umonakalo ongase ube khona ngenxa yesifutho. zothuli lwenyanga njengoba beshayela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezempi

Emikhumbini yemikhumbi-ngwenya yase-US, itheyiphu yendwangu enamathelayo ibizwa ngokuthi "EB Green," njengoba itheyiphu yokudonsa esetshenziswa yi-Electric Boat yayiluhlaza.Ibizwa nangokuthi "i-duck tape", "i-riggers' tape", "i-hurricane tape", noma "i-100-mph tape"-igama elivela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zetheyiphu ye-duct okwakufanele imelane nemimoya efinyelela ku-100 mph (160 km/h; 87 kn).I-tape ibizwa kanjalo ngoba yayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi YaseVietnam ukulungisa noma ukulinganisa ama-rotor blades.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa

Ukuduma okusabalele kwe-Duct tape kanye nobuningi bokusetshenziswa kuyenze yaba indawo eqinile esikweni elidumile, futhi iye yagqugquzela inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudala neziqanjiwe.

I-Duct tape occlusion therapy (DTOT) yindlela ehloselwe ukwelapha izinsumpa ngokuzimboza nge-duct tape isikhathi eside.Ubufakazi bokusebenza kwayo abulungile;ngakho-ke akunconywa njengokwelashwa okuvamile.Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-duct tape kusebenza kakhulu kunezinketho zezokwelapha ezikhona.I-Duct tape ivame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseni izicathulo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo.

I-Duct tape isetshenziselwe ukulungisa okwesikhashana inkinga ye-Apple ye-iPhone 4 eyehlisiwe, njengenye indlela yecala lerabha lika-Apple.

Esikweni elidumile

I-Duct Tape Guys (uJim Berg kanye no-Tim Nyberg) babhale izincwadi eziyisikhombisa mayelana ne-duct tape, kusukela ngo-2005. Izincwadi zabo ezithengiswa kakhulu zithengise amakhophi angaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1.5 futhi zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwangempela nokungavamile kwe-duct tape.Ngo-1994 baqamba inkulumo ethi "ayiphukile, ayinawo amateyipu".Ukwengezwa kulowo mshwana ngo-1995 ngokushicilelwa kwencwadi yabo mayelana ne-lubricant WD-40 incwadi kwakuwukuthi, "Imithetho emibili ikwenza uphile: Uma ibambekile futhi akufanele ibe njalo, i-WD-40 yona. Uma ingabambeki futhi kufanele kube, yithuphe ngetheyiphu".Iwebhusayithi yabo ihlanganisa izinkulungwane zokusetshenziswa kwetheyiphu yokudonsa kusuka kubantu emhlabeni wonke kusukela kumfashini kuya ekulungiseni okuzenzakalelayo.Inhlanganisela ye-WD-40 kanye ne-duct tape ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ikhithi yokulungisa i-redneck".

I-Canadian sitcom Umlingisi wesihloko we-Red Green Show wayevame ukusebenzisa itheyiphu yokudonsa (ayibize ngokuthi "isikhali esiyimfihlo somuntu osebenza ngesandla") njengezinqamuleli zokubopha okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile.Uchungechunge kwesinye isikhathi belukhombisa ukudalwa kwethephu yama-fan.Lolu chungechunge lwalunefilimu esekelwe kulo enesihloko esithi Duct Tape Forever kanye nenhlanganisela eminingi ye-VHS/DVD yohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwekhasethi isikhishiwe.Kusukela ngo-2000, isihlabani sochungechunge u-Steve Smith (njenge-"Red Green") ube "yiNxusa le-Scotch Duct Tape" ye-3M.

Uchungechunge lwe-Discovery Channel i-MythBusters lufake itheyiphu yokudonsa enanini lezinganekwane ezibandakanya ukusetshenziswa okungekona okwesiko.Izinganekwane eziqinisekisiwe zihlanganisa ukumisa imoto isikhathi esithile, ukwakha inganono esebenzayo, isikebhe sikaseyili sabantu ababili, isikebhe esinabantu ababili (esinama-tape tape paddles), isihlenga sabantu ababili, izimbadada zamaRoma, isethi ye-chess, ukuvuza. isigqoko samanzi sokufakazela, intambo, i-hammock engakwazi ukuthwala isisindo sowesilisa omdala, ebambe imoto endaweni, ibhuloho elihlanganisa ububanzi bedokhi elomile, kanye ne-trebuchet esebenza ngokugcwele ene-tape njenge-binder kuphela.Esiqeshini esithi "Duct Tape Plane", abakwaMythBusters balungise (futhi ekugcineni bashintsha) isikhumba sendiza engasindi nge-duct tape futhi basindizisa amamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komzila wezindiza.

Uhlelo lomsakazo lukaGarrison Keillor elithi A Prairie Home Companion luhlanganisa izimakethe eziqanjiwe ezixhaswe yi-"American Duct Tape Council".